UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
| (Mark One) | |
| | Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
For the Quarterly Period Ended
| | Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number:
| MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC. | ||
| (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) |
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| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. employer identification number) |
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| (Address of principal executive offices) | (zip code) |
(
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
| | | The (Nasdaq Capital Market) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| | ☒ | Smaller reporting company | |
| Emerging growth company | |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes
The number of shares outstanding with respect to each of the classes of our common stock, as of April 30, 2024, is set forth below:
| Class | Number of shares outstanding | |
| Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share | |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements. The words “hopes,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “projects,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “will,” “continue,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. The following uncertainties and factors, among others, could affect future performance and cause actual results to differ materially from those matters expressed in or implied by forward-looking statements:
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our ability to raise sufficient funds within the next 12 months in order for us to support continued clinical development of our radiopharmaceutical programs; as well as our ability to further raise additional funds in the future to support any existing or future product candidate programs through completion of clinical trials, the approval processes and, if applicable, commercialization; | |
| ● | our ability to regain compliance with the Nasdaq listing standards requiring our stock closing bid price to be at least $1.00 for at least 10 consecutive trading days (and potentially up to 20) by August 26, 2024, and, in the event it is necessary to effect a reverse stock split to attempt to cure the bid price deficiency, the uncertain impact on our stock price, or if more time is needed, our ability to win an appeal to Nasdaq requesting additional time; | |
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our ability to raise funds on acceptable terms; | |
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our ability to find a suitable pharmaceutical partner or partners to further our development efforts, under acceptable financial terms; | |
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risks and uncertainties associated with our or our development partners' research and development activities, including preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory submissions, and manufacturing and quality expenses; | |
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known and unknown risks associated with developing new radiopharmaceutical therapeutics and imaging agents; | |
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the uncertainty of timeframes for our clinical trials and regulatory reviews for approval to market products; | |
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our ability to address the fulfillment and logistical challenges posed by the potential time-limited shelf-life of our current radiopharmaceutical programs or future drug candidates; | |
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our ability to obtain an adequate supply at reasonable costs of radioisotopes that we are currently using or that we may incorporate into our drug candidates; | |
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the rate of market acceptance and competitiveness in terms of pricing, efficacy and safety, of any products for which we receive marketing approval, and our ability to competitively market any such products as compared to larger pharmaceutical firms; | |
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the difficulties of commercialization, marketing and product manufacturing and overall strategy; | |
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uncertainties of intellectual property position and strategy including new discoveries and patent filings; | |
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our ability to attract and retain experienced and qualified key personnel and/or to find and utilize external sources of experience, expertise and scientific, medical and commercialization knowledge to complete product development and commercialization of new products; | |
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the risks inherent in our estimates regarding the level of needed expenses, capital requirements and the availability of required additional financing at acceptable terms; | |
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the impact of government laws and regulations including increased governmental control of healthcare and pharmaceuticals, resulting in direct price controls driving lower prices, other governmental regulations affecting cost requirements and structures for selling therapeutic or imaging products, and recent governmental legislation affecting other industries which may indirectly increase our costs of obtaining goods and services and our cost of capital; | |
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the uncertain impact any resurgence of COVID-19 or another pandemic could have on our ability to advance our clinical programs and raise additional financing; |
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| ● | the cumulative impact of domestic and global inflation, volatility in financial markets and/or the potential for an economic recession increasing our costs of obtaining goods and services or making financing more difficult to obtain on acceptable terms or at all; | |
| ● | the uncertain impact of the Russia-Ukraine war or the Israel-Hamas war on our clinical material manufacturing expenses and timelines, as well as on general economic, trade and financial market conditions; and | |
| ● | uncertainty of our financial projections and operational timelines and the development of new competitive products and technologies. |
Summary Risk Factors
Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those highlighted in “Item 1A - Risk Factors” of our December 31, 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 28, 2024 and “Item 1A - Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These risks include, among others, the following:
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We are a clinical stage radiopharmaceutical company with a history of financial losses. We expect to continue to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future and may never achieve or maintain cash self-sufficiency or profitability, which could result in a decline in the market value of our common stock. |
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| ● | Funds raised to date are not sufficient to support clinical development of our radiopharmaceutical programs beyond our ongoing Phase 1 dosimetry clinical trial in advanced cancers. If we are unable to raise enough funds within the next 12 months from the sale of our common stock or other financing efforts, or conclude a strategic agreement or collaboration such as out-licensing our product candidates, or enter into a clinical or commercial partnership, we will likely have to terminate one or more programs. There can be no assurance that we will be able to secure such financing or find a suitable development partner on satisfactory terms. |
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The termination of our Validive clinical trial at the end of March 2023 resulted in a decrease in our stock price. The closing bid price of our stock fell below $1.00 for more than 30 consecutive trading days and on August 28, 2023, we received a notice from Nasdaq stating that we were out of compliance with Nasdaq listing standards giving us 180 days to regain compliance. On February 27, 2024, we received a notice from Nasdaq granting us an additional 180-day period to regain compliance. If we do not regain compliance by August 26, 2024, or win an appeal to extend the deadline, we would face delisting or the need to effect a reverse stock split and it may have serious adverse consequences on our stock price and our ability to raise funds, which may cause us to delay, restructure or otherwise reconsider our operations. If it is necessary to effect a reverse stock split to attempt to cure the bid price deficiency, the impacts on our stock price are uncertain and could be adverse. | |
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We do not have and may never have any approved products on the market. Our business is highly dependent upon receiving marketing approvals from various U.S. and international governmental agencies and would be severely harmed if we are not granted approvals to manufacture and sell our product candidates. | |
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Our clinical trials may not yield sufficiently conclusive results for regulatory agencies to approve the marketing and sale of our products, which would adversely affect our financial condition. |
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If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals will be delayed or prevented, which could materially delay our program schedules and adversely affect our financial condition. |
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If we or our licensees, development collaborators, or suppliers are unable to manufacture our products in sufficient quantities or at defined quality specifications, or are unable to obtain regulatory approvals for the manufacturing facility, we may be unable to develop and/or meet demand for our products as well as lose time to market and potential revenues. | |
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We rely on qualified third parties to conduct our active pharmaceutical ingredient manufacturing, our drug product manufacturing, non-clinical studies, and our clinical trials. If these third parties do not or cannot successfully carry out their contractual duties and meet expected deadlines or performance goals, the initiation or conduct of our clinical trials would be delayed and we may be unable to obtain regulatory approval for, or commercialize, our current product candidates or any future products, and our financial condition would be adversely affected. |
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Radiopharmaceutical technology is a relatively novel approach to cancer imaging and treatment, which may create significant and potentially unpredictable challenges for it, including the availability of radioisotopes, potential misconception about the safety of radiopharmaceuticals, and low market uptake due to its novelty. Perceptions of these challenges may make it more difficult to raise funding as we focus efforts on our radiopharmaceutical programs. |
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The Russia-Ukraine war, and resulting sanctions against Russia and Russian entities, and Russian reduction in gas shipments to the EU and other allies, have increased fuel costs, reduced access to critical supplies and may cause shipping delays. Separately, the Israel-Hamas war has created additional uncertainties. The broader economic, trade and financial market consequences are uncertain at this time, which may increase the cost of supplies for our clinical materials, delay the manufacture of our clinical materials, restrict the availability of radioisotopes, increase costs of other goods and services or make it more difficult or costly to raise additional financing, any of which could cause an adverse effect on our clinical programs and on our financial condition. |
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Market variables, such as inflation of product costs, labor rates and fuel, freight and energy costs, as well as geopolitical events could likely cause us to suffer significant increases in our operating and administrative expenses. |
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Unstable market and economic conditions, such as volatility in the markets due to concerns about bank stability and economic challenges due to inflation, may have serious adverse consequences on our ability to raise funds, which may cause us to delay, restructure or cease our operations. | |
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The effects of economic and political pressure to lower pharmaceutical prices are a major threat to the economic viability of new research-based pharmaceutical products, and any significant decrease in drug prices could materially and adversely affect the financial appeal of our products and prospects for us to raise additional capital. |
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We face significant competition from other radiopharmaceutical, biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, and from research-based academic medical institutions, in our targeted medical indications, and our operating results would be adversely affected if we fail to compete effectively. Many competitors in our industry have greater organizational capabilities, much higher available capital resources, and established marketing and sales resources and experience in the targeted markets. Competition and technological change may make our product candidates obsolete or non-competitive. |
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The termination of third-party licenses would adversely affect our rights to important compounds or technologies which are essential to develop and market our products. | |
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If we and our third-party licensors do not obtain and preserve protection for our respective intellectual property rights, our competitors may be able to develop and market competing drugs, which would adversely affect our financial condition. |
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If we lose key management leadership, and/or the expertise and experience of our scientific personnel, and if we cannot recruit qualified employees or other highly qualified and experienced personnel for future requirements, we would be at risk to experience significant program delays and increased operational and compensation costs, and our business would be materially disrupted. |
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| ● | Any future or long-term impacts of COVID-19 or any other pandemic remain uncertain, and their scope and impact could have a substantial negative bearing on our business, financial condition, operating results, stock price and ability to raise additional funds. |
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Condensed Consolidated
Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)
| March 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023* | |||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Investments | ||||||||
| Other current assets | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use asset | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Total current liabilities and total liabilities | ||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 8) | ||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | ||||||||
| Common stock, par value of $ per share, shares authorized, and shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | $ | ||||||
* Derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
Condensed Consolidated
Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
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| 2024 |
2023 |
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| Operating expenses: |
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| Research and development |
$ | $ | ||||||
| General and administrative |
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| Total operating expenses |
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| Loss from operations |
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| Interest income |
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| Net loss |
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| Other comprehensive income (loss): |
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| Foreign currency translation loss |
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| Unrealized gain on investments |
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| Comprehensive loss |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
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| Net loss per share: |
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| Basic and diluted |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
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| Weighted average shares outstanding: |
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| Basic and diluted |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
(Unaudited)
| Accumulated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional | Other | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Paid- | Comprehensive | Accumulated | Stockholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | in Capital | Income (Loss) | Deficit | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at January 1, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock under a Capital on DemandTM Sales Agreement with JonesTrading Institutional Services, LLC, net of commissions, fees and offering costs of $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock to employees pursuant to vested restricted stock units, net of taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation (non-cash) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income, net | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
Monopar Therapeutics Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(Unaudited)
| Accumulated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional | Other | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Paid- | Comprehensive | Accumulated | Stockholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | in Capital | Income (Loss) | Deficit | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at January 1, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock under a Capital on DemandTM Sales Agreement with JonesTrading Institutional Services, LLC, net of commissions, fees and offering costs of $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock to non-employee directors pursuant to vested restricted stock units | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock to employees pursuant to vested restricted stock units, net of taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation (non-cash) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income, net | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
Condensed Consolidated
Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
| For the Three Months Ended | ||||||||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense (non-cash) | ||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net | ||||||||
| Other current assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities, net | ||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||
| Purchase of short-term investments | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Maturities of short-term investments | ||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||
| Cash proceeds from the sales of common stock under a Capital on DemandTM Sales Agreement | ||||||||
| Taxes paid related to net share settlement of vested restricted stock units | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||
| Effect of exchange rates | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
Note 1 – Nature of Business and Liquidity
Nature of Business
Monopar Therapeutics Inc. (“Monopar” or the “Company”) is a clinical-stage radiopharmaceutical company focused on developing innovative treatments for cancer patients. Monopar is prioritizing its focus and resources toward its radiopharmaceutical programs in discovery and development, in particular: 1) MNPR-101-Zr, a clinical stage uPAR-targeted radiodiagnostic imaging agent; and 2) MNPR-101-RIT, a late preclinical stage radiotherapeutic for advanced cancers. Monopar is in the process of winding down its non-radiopharmaceutical programs including camsirubicin and its Phase 1b clinical trial as well as MNPR-202 and its preclinical development. The Company’s strategic focus and resources are being placed on the assets and capabilities it has been building up in the radiopharmaceutical space.
Liquidity
The Company has incurred an accumulated deficit of approximately $
Risks and Uncertainties
The termination of the Company’s Validive clinical trial at the end of March 2023 resulted in a decrease in the Company’s stock price. The closing bid price of the Company’s stock fell below $1.00 for more than 30 consecutive trading days, and on August 28, 2023, the Company received a notice from Nasdaq stating that it is out of compliance with Nasdaq listing standards giving the Company 180 days to regain compliance. On February 27, 2024, the Company was granted a second 180-day period to regain compliance; there can be no assurance that the Company will regain compliance within Nasdaq’s extended time limits and requirements. If the Company does not regain compliance, the Company would face delisting and it may have serious adverse consequences on the Company’s ability to raise funds, which may cause Monopar to delay, restructure or otherwise reconsider its operations. If it is necessary to effect a reverse stock split to attempt to cure the bid price deficiency, the impacts on the Company’s stock price are uncertain and could be adverse.
Market variables over which the Company has no control, such as inflation of product costs, higher capital costs, labor rates and fuel, freight and energy costs, as well as geopolitical events could cause the Company to suffer significant increases in its operating and administrative expenses.
The Russia-Ukraine war, and resulting sanctions against Russia and Russian entities or allies, have increased fuel costs and may cause shipping delays. In addition, the Israel-Hamas war has created additional uncertainties. The broader economic, trade and financial market consequences of these events are uncertain at this time, which may increase the cost of supplies for the Company’s clinical materials, may delay the manufacture of its clinical materials, restrict the availability of radioisotopes, may increase costs of other goods and services, or make it more difficult or costly to raise additional financing, any of which could cause an adverse effect on the Company’s clinical and development program and on the Company’s financial condition.
There remains uncertainties as to the long-term impacts of COVID-19 or any potential resurgences thereof. The Company is unable to estimate COVID-19’s or any future pandemic disease's financial impact or duration in light of treatment options and potential surges of new cases from current or future COVID-19 variants or a future pandemic or its potential impact on the Company’s current clinical trial and development programs, including COVID-19’s or a future pandemic's effect on drug candidate manufacturing, shipping, patient recruitment at clinical sites and regulatory agencies around the globe.
Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
These condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial results of Monopar Therapeutics Inc., its wholly-owned French subsidiary, Monopar Therapeutics, SARL, and its wholly-owned Australian subsidiary, Monopar Therapeutics Australia Pty Ltd, and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”) and include all disclosures required by GAAP for financial reporting. All intercompany accounts have been eliminated. The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements are set out below and have been consistently applied in all periods presented. The Company has been primarily involved in performing research activities, developing product candidates, and raising capital to support and expand these activities.
The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all normal, recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position as of March 31, 2024, and the Company’s condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, and the Company’s condensed consolidated cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
The interim condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss and condensed consolidated cash flows for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the condensed consolidated results of operations or cash flows which may be reported for the remainder of 2024 or for any future period. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2023, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 28, 2024.
Functional Currency
The Company’s consolidated functional currency is the U.S. Dollar. The Company’s Australian subsidiary and French subsidiary use the Australian Dollar and European Euro, respectively, as their functional currency. At each quarter-end, each foreign subsidiary’s balance sheets are translated into U.S. Dollars based upon the quarter-end exchange rate, while their statements of operations and comprehensive loss and statements of cash flows are translated into U.S. Dollars based upon an average exchange rate during the period.
Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss represents net loss plus any income or losses not reported in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, such as foreign currency translations gains and losses and unrealized gains and losses on debt security investments that are reflected on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of expenses in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Going Concern Assessment
The Company applies Accounting Standards Codification 205-40 (“ASC 205-40”), Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, which the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued to provide guidance on determining when and how reporting companies must disclose going concern uncertainties in their financial statements. ASC 205-40 requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date of issuance of the entity’s financial statements (or within one year after the date on which the financial statements are available to be issued, when applicable). Further, a company must provide certain disclosures if there is “substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern.” In March 2024, the Company analyzed its cash requirements at least through June 2025 and has determined that, based upon the Company’s current available cash, the Company has no substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.
Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less on the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, consisted of two money market accounts and U.S. Treasury Bills.
Investments
The Company considers all of its investments in debt securities (U.S. Government or Agencies), with maturities at the date of purchase from over three months to one year to be available-for-sale securities. These investments are recorded at fair value with the unrealized gains and losses reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Realized gains and losses from the sale of investments, if any are determined, are recorded net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The investments selected by the Company have a low level of inherent credit risk given they are issued by the U.S. government and any changes in their fair value are primarily attributable to changes in interest rates and market liquidity. Investments as of March 31, 2024 consisted of U.S. Treasury Bills with maturities of over three months to one year.
Prepaid Expenses
Prepayments are expenditures for goods or services before the goods are used or the services are received and are charged to operations as the benefits are realized. Prepaid expenses may include payments to development collaborators in excess of actual expenses incurred by the collaborator measured at the end of each reporting period. Prepayments also include insurance premiums, dues and subscriptions and software costs of $
Leases
Lease agreements are evaluated to determine whether an arrangement is or contains a lease in accordance with ASC 842, Leases. Right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. The right-of-use lease asset on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. The incremental borrowing taking into consideration the Company’s credit quality and borrowing rate for similar assets is used in determining the present value of future payments. Lease expense is recorded as general and administrative expenses on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents at two reputable financial institutions. As of March 31, 2024, the balance at one financial institution was in excess of the $
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
For financial instruments consisting of cash and cash equivalents, investments, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other current liabilities, the carrying amounts are reasonable estimates of fair value due to their relatively short maturities.
The Company adopted ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, as amended, which addresses the measurement of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities. Under this standard, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
The standard establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity’s pricing an asset or liability developed based on the best information available under the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy consists of the following three levels:
Level 1 - instrument valuations are obtained from real-time quotes for transactions in active exchange markets involving identical assets.
Level 2 - instrument valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for comparable instruments.
Level 3 - instrument valuations are obtained without observable market values and require a high-level of judgment to determine the fair value.
Determining which category an asset or liability falls within the hierarchy requires significant judgment. The Company evaluates its hierarchy disclosures each reporting period. There were no transfers between Level 1, 2 or 3 of the fair value hierarchy during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The following table presents the assets and liabilities that are reported at fair value on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets on a recurring basis. No values were recorded in Level 2 or Level 3 as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
| March 31, 2024 | Level 1 | Total | ||||||
| Assets: | ||||||||
| Cash equivalents(1) | $ | $ | ||||||
| Investments(2) | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
| December 31, 2023 | Level 1 | Total | ||||||
| Assets: | ||||||||
| Cash equivalents(1) | $ | $ | ||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
| (1) | Cash equivalents as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, represent the fair value of the Company’s investment in two money market accounts and U.S. Treasury Bills with maturities at the date of purchase of three months or less. | |
| (2) | Investments represents the fair value of the Company’s investment in U.S. Treasury Bills with maturities at the date of purchase over three months to one year. |
Net Loss per Share
Net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding during the periods. Diluted net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average shares of the sum of a) weighted average common stock outstanding (
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Major components of R&D expenses include salaries and benefits paid to the Company’s R&D staff, compensation expenses of G&A personnel performing R&D, fees paid to consultants and to the entities that conduct certain R&D activities on the Company’s behalf and costs of materials and supplies which were used in R&D activities during the reporting period.
Clinical Trials Accruals
The Company accrues and expenses the costs for clinical trial activities performed by third parties based upon estimates of the percentage of work completed over the life of the individual study in accordance with agreements established with contract research organizations, service providers, and clinical trial sites. The Company estimates the amounts to accrue based upon discussions with internal clinical personnel and external service providers as to progress or stage of completion of trials or services and the agreed upon fees to be paid for such services. Costs of setting up clinical trial sites for participation in the trials are expensed immediately as R&D expenses. Clinical trial site costs related to patient screening and enrollment are accrued as patients are screened/entered into the trial.
Collaborative Agreements
The Company and its collaborative partners are active participants in collaborative agreements and all parties would be exposed to significant risks and rewards depending on the technical and commercial success of the activities. Contractual payments to the other parties in collaboration agreements and costs incurred by the Company when the Company is deemed to be the principal participant for a given transaction are recognized on a gross basis in R&D expenses. Royalties and license payments are recorded as earned.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, no milestones were met, and no royalties were earned; therefore, the Company did not pay or accrue/expense any license or royalty payments.
Licensing Agreements
The Company has various agreements licensing technology utilized in the development of its product or technology programs. The licenses contain success milestone obligations and royalties on future sales. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, no milestones were met, and no royalties were earned; therefore, the Company did not pay or accrue/expense any license or royalty payments under any of its license agreements.
Patent Costs
The Company expenses costs relating to issued patents and patent applications, including costs relating to legal, renewal and application fees, as a component of general and administrative expenses in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Income Taxes
The Company uses an asset and liability approach for accounting for deferred income taxes, which requires recognition of deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in its financial statements but have not been reflected in its taxable income. Estimates and judgments are required in the calculation of certain tax liabilities and in the determination of the recoverability of certain deferred income tax assets, which arise from temporary differences and carryforwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled.
The Company regularly assesses the likelihood that its deferred income tax assets will be realized from recoverable income taxes or recovered from future taxable income. To the extent that the Company believes any amounts are not “more likely than not” to be realized, the Company records a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred income tax assets. In the event the Company determines that all or part of the net deferred tax assets are not realizable in the future, an adjustment to the valuation allowance would be charged to earnings in the period such determination is made. Similarly, if the Company subsequently determines deferred income tax assets that were previously determined to be unrealizable are now realizable, the respective valuation allowance would be reversed, resulting in an adjustment to earnings in the period such determination is made.
Internal Revenue Code Sections 382 and 383 (“Sections 382 and 383”) limit the use of net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards and R&D credits, after an ownership change. To date, the Company has not conducted a Section 382 or 383 study, however, because the Company will continue to raise significant amounts of equity in the coming years, the Company expects that Sections 382 and 383 will limit the Company’s usage of NOLs and R&D credits in the future.
ASC 740, Income Taxes, requires that the tax benefit of net operating losses, temporary differences, and credit carryforwards be recorded as an asset to the extent that management assesses that realization is “more likely than not.” Realization of the future tax benefits is dependent on the Company’s ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryforward period. The Company has reviewed the positive and negative evidence relating to the realizability of the deferred tax assets and has concluded that the deferred tax assets are not “more likely than not” to be realized. As a result, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. U.S. Federal R&D tax credits from 2016 to 2019 were utilized to reduce payroll taxes in future periods and were recorded as other current assets (anticipated to be received within 12 months), on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company intends to maintain the valuation allowance until sufficient evidence exists to support its reversal. The Company regularly reviews its tax positions. For a tax benefit to be recognized, the related tax position must be “more likely than not” to be sustained upon examination. Any amount recognized is generally the largest benefit that is “more likely than not” to be realized upon settlement. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters as an income tax expense. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have any interest or penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits.
The Company is subject to U.S. Federal, Illinois and California state income taxes. In addition, the Company is subject to local tax laws of France and Australia. Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and require significant judgment to apply. Monopar was originally formed as an LLC in December 2014, then incorporated on December 16, 2015. The Company is subject to U.S. Federal, state and local tax examinations by tax authorities for the tax years 2015 through 2022. The Company does not anticipate significant changes to its current uncertain tax positions through March 31, 2024. The Company plans on filing its U.S. Federal and state tax returns for the year ended December 31, 2023, prior to the extended filing deadlines in all jurisdictions.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation arrangements with employees, non-employee directors and consultants using a fair value method, which requires the recognition of compensation expense for costs related to all stock-based awards, including stock option and restricted stock unit (“RSU”) grants. The fair value method requires the Company to estimate the fair value of stock-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model or the closing stock price on the date of grant in the case of RSUs.
Stock-based compensation expense for awards granted to employees, non-employee directors and consultants are based on the fair value of the underlying instrument calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model on the date of grant for stock options and using the closing stock price on the date of grant for RSUs and recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. Determining the appropriate fair value model and related assumptions requires judgment, including estimating the future stock price volatility and expected terms. For stock options granted in 2023, the expected volatility rates are estimated based on the Company’s historical actual volatility over the three-year period from its initial public offering on December 18, 2019 through December 31, 2022. For awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024, the expected volatility rates were estimated based on the Company’s historical actual volatility over the four-year period from its initial public offering on December 18, 2019, through December 31, 2023. The expected term for options granted to date is estimated using the simplified method. Forfeitures only include known forfeitures to-date as the Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur due to a limited history of forfeitures. The Company has not paid dividends and does not anticipate paying a cash dividend in the future vesting period and, accordingly, uses an expected dividend yield of zero. The risk-free interest rate is based on the rate of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities consistent with the estimated expected term of the awards.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In October 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements, Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. The ASU incorporates certain U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) disclosure requirements and are expected to clarify or improve disclosure and presentation requirements of a variety of Codification Topics, allow users to more easily compare entities subject to the SEC's existing disclosures with those entities that were not previously subject to the requirements, and align the requirements in the Codification with the SEC's regulations. The effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC's removal of that related disclosure from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective with early adoption prohibited. For all other entities, the amendments will be effective two years later. In accordance with ASU 2023-06, the Company has added Note 7 – Net Loss per Share.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The ASU improves income tax disclosure requirements and will require more detailed information on several income tax disclosures, such as income taxes paid and the income tax rate reconciliation table. The standard is effective for public business entities with annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The Company does not expect a material impact to its consolidated financial statements based on adoption of this ASU.
Note 3 - Investments
As of March 31, 2024, the Company had two money market accounts and available-for-sale investments with contractual maturities of three months or less categorized as cash and cash equivalents and available-for-sale investments with contractual maturities of three months to one year categorized as investments invested as follows:
| As of March 31, 2024 |
Cost Basis |
Unrealized Gains |
Aggregate Fair Value |
|||||||||
| U.S. Treasury Bills |
$ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Money Market Accounts |
||||||||||||
| Total |
$ | $ | $ | |||||||||
As of March 31, 2024, there were
As of December 31, 2023 the Company had two money market accounts and available-for-sale investments with contractual maturities of three months or less categorized as cash and cash equivalents as follows:
| As of December 31, 2023 |
Cost Basis |
Unrealized Gains |
Aggregate Fair Value |
|||||||||
| U.S. Treasury Bills |
$ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Money Market Accounts |
||||||||||||
| Total |
$ | $ | $ | |||||||||
As of December 31, 2023, there were
See Note 2 for additional discussion regarding the Company’s fair value measurements.
Note 4 - Capital Stock
Holders of the common stock are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by the Board of Directors out of funds legally available therefor. To date no dividends have been declared. Upon dissolution and liquidation of the Company, holders of the common stock are entitled to a ratable share of the net assets of the Company remaining after payments to creditors of the Company. The holders of shares of common stock are entitled to one vote per share for the election of each director nominated to the Board and one vote per share on all other matters submitted to a vote of stockholders.
The Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes the Company to issue
Sales of Common Stock
On April 20, 2022, the Company entered into a Capital on Demand™ Sales Agreement with JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC (“JonesTrading”), pursuant to which Monopar may offer and sell, from time to time, through or to JonesTrading, as sales agent or principal, shares of Monopar’s common stock. On April 20, 2022, the Company filed a prospectus supplement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission relating to the offer and sale of its common stock from time to time pursuant to the agreement up to an aggregate amount of $
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company sold
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company sold
As of March 31, 2024, the Company had
Note 5 - Stock Incentive Plan
In April 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors and stockholders representing a majority of the Company’s outstanding stock at that time, approved the Monopar Therapeutics Inc. 2016 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (the “Plan”), allowing the Company to grant up to an aggregate
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Board of Directors granted to a consultant aggregate stock options for the purchase of
Under the Plan, the per share exercise price for the shares to be issued upon exercise of an option shall be determined by the Plan Administrator, except that the per share exercise price shall be no less than 100% of the fair market value per share on the grant date. Fair market value is the Company’s closing price on the grant date on Nasdaq. Stock options generally expire after
Stock option activity under the Plan was as follows:
| Options Outstanding |
||||||||
| Number of Shares Subject to Options |
Weighted-Average Exercise Price |
|||||||
| Balances at December 31, 2023 |
$ | |||||||
| Granted(1) |
||||||||
| Forfeited(2) |
||||||||
| Balances at March 31, 2024 |
||||||||
| Unvested options outstanding expected to vest(3) |
||||||||
| (1) |
|
|
|
|
| (2) |
There were |
|
|
|
| (3) |
Forfeitures only include known forfeitures to-date as the Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur due to a limited history of forfeitures. |
A summary of options outstanding as of March 31, 2024, is shown below:
| Exercise Prices | Number of Shares Subject to Options Outstanding | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years | Number of Shares Subject to Options Fully Vested and Exercisable | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years | ||||||||||||
| $0.001 - $5.00 | ||||||||||||||||
| $5.01 - $10.00 | ||||||||||||||||
| $10.01 - $15.00 | ||||||||||||||||
| $15.01 - $20.00 | ||||||||||||||||
Restricted stock unit activity under the Plan was as follows:
| Weighted- Average |
||||||||
| Restricted |
Grant Date |
|||||||
| Stock Units |
Fair Value |
|||||||
| (#) |
per Unit ($) |
|||||||
| Unvested balance at December 31, 2023 |
||||||||
| Granted(1) |
||||||||
| Vested |
( |
) | |
|||||
| Unvested Balance at March 31, 2024 |
||||||||
(1) There were
Stock option grants and fair values under the Plan were as follows:
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||
| 2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
| Stock options granted |
||||||||
| Weighted-average grant date fair value per share |
$ | $ | ||||||
| Fair value of shares vested |
$ | $ | ||||||
As of March 31, 2024, the aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding vested and unvested stock options was approximately $
During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $
Note 6 - Related Party Transactions
As of March 31, 2024, Tactic Pharma, LLC (“Tactic Pharma”), the Company’s initial investor, beneficially owned
None of the related parties discussed in this paragraph received compensation other than market-based salary, market-based stock-based compensation and benefits and performance-based incentive bonus or in the case of non-employee directors, market-rate Board fees and market-rate stock-based compensation. The Company considers the following individuals as related parties: Two of the Company’s board members were also Managing Members of Tactic Pharma as of March 31, 2024. Chandler D. Robinson is a Company Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, common stockholder, Managing Member of Tactic Pharma, former Manager of the predecessor LLC, Manager of CDR Pharma, LLC and Board member of Monopar as a C Corporation. Michael Brown is a Managing Member of Tactic Pharma (as of February 1, 2019, with no voting power as it relates to Monopar), a previous managing member of Monopar as an LLC, common stockholder and Board member of Monopar as a C Corporation.
Basic and diluted net loss per common share was calculated as follows:
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||
| (in thousands, except for net loss per share) |
2024 |
2023 |
||||||
| Numerator: |
||||||||
| Net loss |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | ||
| Denominator: |
||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted |
||||||||
| Net loss per common share, basic and diluted |
$ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | ||
| Anti-dilutive potential common stock equivalents excluded from the calculation of net loss per share |
||||||||
| Stock options to purchase common stock |
||||||||
| Unvested restricted stock units |
||||||||
Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies
License, Development and Collaboration Agreements
XOMA Ltd.
Pursuant to a non-exclusive license agreement with XOMA Ltd. for the humanization technology used in the development of MNPR-101, the Company is obligated to pay XOMA Ltd. clinical, regulatory and sales milestones which could reach up to $
Onxeo S.A.
In June 2016, the Company executed an agreement with Onxeo S.A., a French public company, which gave Monopar the exclusive option to license (on a world-wide exclusive basis) Validive (clonidine hydrocholoride mucobuccal tablet; clonidine HCI MBT) a mucoadhesive tablet of clonidine based on the Lauriad mucoadhesive technology. In September 2017, Monopar exercised the option to license Validive from Onxeo for $
Legal Contingencies
The Company may be subject to claims and assessments from time to time in the ordinary course of business. No claims have been asserted to date.
Indemnification
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide for general indemnification. The Company’s exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves claims that may be made against the Company in the future, but that have not yet been made. To date, the Company has not paid any claims nor been required to defend any action related to its indemnification obligations. However, the Company may record charges in the future as a result of future claims against these indemnification obligations.
In accordance with its second amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws and the indemnification agreements entered into with each officer and non-employee director, the Company has indemnification obligations to its officers and non-employee directors for certain events or occurrences, subject to certain limits, while they are serving at the Company’s request in such capacities. There have been no indemnification claims to date.
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis are set forth elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business and related financing activities, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.
Overview
We are a clinical stage radiopharmaceutical company focused on developing innovative treatments for cancer patients. We are building a drug development pipeline through in-house development as well as the licensing and acquisition of therapeutics in late preclinical or in clinical development stages. We leverage our scientific and clinical experience to help reduce the risk of and accelerate the clinical development of our drug product candidates.
Financial Status
Our cash, cash equivalents and investments as of March 31, 2024, were $8.8 million. As discussed further below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, we expect that our current funds will be sufficient at least through June 30, 2025 for us to: (1) continue to conduct and conclude our first-in-human clinical trial with our MNPR-101-Zr radiopharmaceutical program; and (2) advance our MNPR-101-RIT preclinical programs into the clinic. We are in the process of winding down the camsirubicin Phase 1b clinical trial and the preclinical development of MNPR-202 due to focusing our finite financial resources on our radiopharmaceutical programs. We will require additional funding to further advance our clinical and preclinical programs and we anticipate that we will seek to raise additional capital within the next 12 months to fund our future operations.
Our primary funding source over the past three years was sales of shares of our common stock under at-the-market sales programs through Capital on Demand™ Sales Agreements with JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC (“Jones Trading”). For the three months ended March 31, 2024, we sold 2,545,305 shares of our common stock at an average gross price per share of $1.29 for net proceeds of $3,194,310, after fees and commissions of $81,932. There have been no additional sales of shares of our common stock after March 31, 2024 through the date of this filing.
Our Product Pipeline
The radiopharma space has had numerous positive recent developments and announcements, from acquisitions to clinical data to reimbursement rates to commercial demand. Since this past December alone, four significant acquisitions have been publicly announced or completed which have had upfront payments ranging from approximately $1 billion to over $4 billion (BMS/RayzeBio, AstraZeneca/Fusion Pharma, Eli Lilly/POINT BioPharma, and Novartis/ Mariana Oncology).
We have been generating promising preclinical data, and recently entered the clinic with our novel, proprietary MNPR-101 radiopharma program targeting the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). Based on these advances, we have made the strategic decision to focus our resources on the assets and capabilities we have been building up in the radiopharma space. As such, we are winding down our non-radiopharma programs, including camsirubicin (and our Phase 1b clinical trial) as well as MNPR-202. We are targeting launching our second radiopharma clinical trial as early as the end of this year or the first quarter of 2025.
MNPR-101 for Radiopharmaceutical Use, Development Update
Monopar has a proprietary first-in-class humanized monoclonal antibody, MNPR-101, that targets the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor ("uPAR"). uPAR is expressed on several of the more aggressive, deadly cancers including pancreatic, breast, colorectal, and bladder. Monopar has conjugated MNPR-101 to imaging and therapeutic radioisotopes for the purpose of creating highly precise radiopharmaceutical agents that have the potential to image and treat tumors expressing uPAR while sparing healthy tissues. In February 2024, we announced promising preclinical data and received regulatory clearance in Australia to commence a first-in-human Phase 1 imaging and dosimetry clinical trial with our novel MNPR-101-Zr (MNPR-101 conjugated to zirconium-89) in patients with advanced cancers. On April 10, 2024, we announced that our Phase 1 trial is active and recruiting patients. Our MNPR-101-RIT program, a therapeutic radioisotope conjugated to MNPR-101, is targeted to initiate a Phase 1 clinical trial by Q4 2024 / Q1 2025. We are also actively exploring opportunities to expand our radiopharmaceutical pipeline.
Wind Down of Camsirubicin and MNPR-202 Development
We have reprioritized our resources and funds toward the advancement of our radiopharmaceutical programs. As a result of this reprioritization, we intend to wind down in Q2 2024 our Phase 1b open-label camsirubicin clinical trial and the preclinical development of MNPR-202.
Our Strategy
Our management team has extensive experience in developing therapeutics and medical technologies through global regulatory approval and commercialization. In aggregate, companies they co-founded have achieved four drug approvals and three diagnostic medical imaging device approvals in the U.S. and the EU, successfully sold an asset developed by management which subsequently had a positive Phase 3 clinical trial, sold two oncology-focused diagnostic imaging businesses to Fortune Global 1000 firms, and completed the clinical and commercial development and ultimately the sale of a commercial biopharmaceutical company for over $800 million in cash. In addition, the team has supported multiple regulatory submissions with the FDA and EMA and launched multiple drugs in the U.S and the EU. Understanding the preclinical, clinical, regulatory and commercial development processes and hurdles are key factors in successful drug development and the expertise demonstrated by our management team across all of these areas increases the probability of success in advancing the product candidates in our product pipeline. Our strategic goal is to acquire, develop and commercialize promising oncology product candidates that address important unmet medical needs of cancer patients. Key elements of our strategy to achieve this goal are to:
| ● |
Prioritize the development of MNPR-101 for radiopharmaceutical use as a therapeutic as well as a diagnostic imaging agent. Based on promising data from our imaging and efficacy animal model studies in multiple cancers including triple-negative breast and pancreatic cancers, we have prioritized our resources and funds toward the development of our radiopharmaceutical programs. With promising preclinical results utilizing radiolabeled MNPR-101 in hand, we were cleared to conduct a Phase 1 imaging and dosimetry clinical trial of MNPR-101-Zr in patients with advanced cancers and the trial is active and recruiting patients. We expect to complement the imaging and dosimetry study with the initiation of a therapeutic study using MNPR-101-RIT in Q4 2024 or Q1 2025. |
|
|
|
||
| ● |
Subject to availability of funds, expand our drug development pipeline through in-licensing and acquisition of product candidates. We plan to continue the expansion of our drug development pipeline through acquiring or in-licensing additional product candidates, particularly those that leverage existing scientific and clinical data that helps reduce the risks of the next steps in clinical development. The focus on this front will include identifying novel targets and candidates complementing our radiopharmaceutical programs. | |
|
|
||
| ● |
Utilize the expertise and prior experience of our team in the areas of asset acquisition, drug development and commercialization to establish ourselves as a leading radiopharmaceutical company. Our senior executive team has relevant experience in biopharmaceutical in-licensing and acquisitions as well as developing product candidates through approval and commercialization. In aggregate, our team has co-founded BioMarin Pharmaceutical (Nasdaq: BMRN), Sensant Corp (acquired by Siemens), American BioOptics (assets acquired by Olympus), Raptor Pharmaceuticals ($800 million sale to Horizon Therapeutics), and Tactic Pharma, LLC (“Tactic Pharma”) (sale of lead asset, choline tetrathiomolybdate, was ultimately acquired by Alexion in June 2018 for $764 million; Alexion was subsequently acquired by AstraZeneca). |
Revenues
We are an emerging growth company. We have no approved drugs and have not generated any revenues. To date, we have engaged in acquiring or in-licensing drug product candidates, entering into collaboration agreements for testing and clinical development of our drug product candidates and providing the infrastructure to support the clinical development of our drug product candidates. We do not anticipate commercial revenues from operations until we complete testing and development of one of our drug product candidates and obtain marketing approval or we sell, enter into a collaborative marketing arrangement, or out-license one of our drug product candidates to another party. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources”.
Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, there were two recently issued accounting pronouncements that are described in more detail in Note 2 of our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates
While our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in Note 2 of our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we believe the following accounting policies to be critical to the judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Going Concern Assessment
We apply Accounting Standards Codification 205-40 ("ASC 205-40"), Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, which the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued to provide guidance on determining when and how reporting companies must disclose going concern uncertainties in their financial statements. ASC-205-40 requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity's ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date of issuance of the entity's financial statements (or within one year after the date on which the financial statements are available to be issued when applicable). Further, a company must provide certain disclosures if there is "substantial doubt about the entity's ability to continue as a going concern." In March 2024, we analyzed our cash requirements at least through June 30, 2025 and we have determined that, based upon our current available cash, we have no substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
Clinical Trials Accruals
We accrue and expense the costs for clinical trial activities performed by third parties based upon estimates of the percentage of work completed over the life of the individual study in accordance with agreements established with contract research organizations, service providers, and clinical trial sites. We estimate the amounts to accrue based upon discussions with internal clinical personnel and external service providers as to progress or stage of completion of trials or services and the agreed upon fees to be paid for such services. Costs of setting up clinical trial sites for participation in the trials are expensed immediately as research and development expenses. Clinical trial site costs related to patient screening and enrollment are accrued as patients are screened/entered into the trial.
We account for stock-based compensation arrangements with employees, non-employee directors and consultants using a fair value method, which requires the recognition of compensation expense for costs related to all stock-based compensation grants, including stock option and restricted stock unit (“RSU”) grants. The fair value method requires us to estimate the fair value of stock-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model or the closing stock price on the date of grant in the case of RSUs.
Stock-based compensation costs for stock awards granted to our employees, non-employee directors and consultants are based on the fair value of the underlying instruments calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model on the date of grant for stock options and using the closing stock price on the date of grant for RSUs and recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. Determining the appropriate fair value model and related assumptions requires judgment, including selecting methods for estimating our future stock price volatility and expected holding term. We granted 10,000 options to purchase shares of common stock to a consultant during the three months ended March 31, 2024. For awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024, the expected volatility rates are estimated based on our actual historical volatility over the four-year period from our initial public offering on December 18, 2019, through December 31, 2023. The expected term for stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023, was estimated using the simplified method. Forfeitures only include actual forfeitures to-date as we account for forfeitures as they occur due to a limited history of forfeitures. We have not paid dividends and do not anticipate paying a cash dividend in future vesting periods and, accordingly, use an expected dividend yield of zero. The risk-free interest rate is based on the rate of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities consistent with the estimated expected term of the awards.
Results of Operations
Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023
The following table summarizes the results of our operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||||||
| (Unaudited) |
||||||||||||
| (in thousands) |
2024 |
2023 |
Variance |
|||||||||
| Research and development expenses |
$ | 966 | $ | 1,653 | $ | (687 | ) | |||||
| General and administrative expenses |
757 | 872 | (115 | ) | ||||||||
| Total operating expenses |
1,723 | 2,525 | (802 | ) | ||||||||
| Operating loss |
(1,723 | ) | (2,525 | ) | 802 | |||||||
| Interest income |
82 | 90 | (8 | ) | ||||||||
| Net loss |
$ | (1,641 | ) | $ | (2,435 | ) | $ | 794 | ||||
Research and Development (“R&D”) Expenses
R&D expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 were $966,000, compared to $1,653,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023. This represents a decrease of $687,000 attributed to a decrease of $716,000 in Validive clinical trial-related expenses due to the closure of the trial in March 2023, partially offset by a net increase of $29,000 due to other R&D expenses.
General and Administrative (“G&A”) Expenses
G&A expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 were $757,000, compared to $872,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023. This represents a decrease of $115,000 primarily attributed to (1) a decrease in stock based compensation to the board of directors of $70,000 as no equity awards were issued in the first quarter of 2024, (2) a reduction of $62,000 in patent expenses related to the closure of the Validive trial, and (3) a reduction of stock based compensation expenses of $16,000 due to the full vesting of the 2020 grants in the fourth quarter of 2023, partially offset by an increase in consulting, tax services and other G&A expenses of $33,000.
Interest Income
Interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2024, decreased by $8,000 versus the three months ended March 31, 2023, due to less treasury bills which matured in the first quarter of 2024 versus the first quarter of 2023.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources of Liquidity
We have incurred losses and cumulative negative cash flows from operations since we commenced operations resulting in an accumulated deficit of approximately $61.8 million as of March 31, 2024. We anticipate that we will continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future. We expect that our R&D and G&A expenses will increase to enable the execution of our strategic plan. As a result, we anticipate that we will seek to raise additional capital within the next 12 months to fund our future operations. We will seek to obtain needed capital through a combination of equity offerings, including the usage of our Capital on DemandTM Sales Agreement with JonesTrading, debt financings, strategic collaborations and grant funding. To date, we have funded our operations through net proceeds from the initial public offering of our common stock, net proceeds from sales of our common stock through at-the-market sales programs, private placements of our preferred and common stock, and the net receipt of funds related to our acquisition of camsirubicin. We anticipate that the currently available funds as of April 30, 2024 will fund our planned operations at least through June 30, 2025.
We invest our cash equivalents in two money market accounts and U.S. Treasury Bills.
Cash Flows
The following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2024 |
2023 |
Variance |
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| Net cash used in operating activities |
$ | (1,655 | ) | $ | (2,271 | ) | $ | 616 | ||||
| Net cash used in investing activities |
(983 | ) | (983 | ) | - | |||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities |
3,182 | 805 | 2,377 | |||||||||
| Effect of exchange rates |
(2 | ) | (11 | ) | 9 | |||||||
| Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 542 | $ | (2,460 | ) | $ | 3,002 | |||||
During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 we had a net cash inflow of $542,000 and a net cash outflow of $2,460,000, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, versus the three months ended March 31, 2023, the increase in net cash flow of $3,002,000 primarily consisted of (1) a decrease in net cash used in operating activities of $616,000, and (2) an increase in net cash provided by financing activities of $2,377,000 due to the sales of shares of our common stock under at-the-market sales programs.
Cash Flow Used in Operating Activities
The decrease of $616,000 in cash flow used in operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, was primarily a result of lower net loss due to lower research and development expenses partially offset by changes in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities.
Cash Flow Used in Investing Activities
The cash used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 represent our net investment in two money market accounts and U.S. Treasury Bills maturing or invested in during the periods reported.
Cash Flow Provided by Financing Activities
The increase in cash flow provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, of $2,377,000 was primarily due to higher net proceeds from sales of our common stock under an at-the-market sales program during the three months ended March 31, 2024 when compared to the sales of our common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Future Funding Requirements
To date, we have not generated any revenue from product sales. We do not know when, or if, we will generate any revenue from product sales. We do not expect to generate any revenue from product sales or royalties unless and until we obtain regulatory approval of and commercialize any of our current or future drug product candidates or we out-license or sell a drug product candidate to another party. At the same time, we expect our expenses to increase in connection with our ongoing development activities, particularly as we continue the research, development, future preclinical studies and clinical trials of, and seek regulatory approval for, our current and future drug product candidates. If we obtain regulatory approval of any of our current or future drug product candidates, we will need substantial additional funding for commercialization requirements and our continuing drug product development operations.
As a company, we have not completed development through marketing approvals of any therapeutic or imaging products. We expect to continue to incur significant increases in expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future. We anticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:
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progress our MNPR-101-Zr imaging and dosimetry clinical trial in advanced cancer patients; | |
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continue the preclinical activities and potentially enter the clinic with MNPR-101-RIT, a therapeutic radioisotope conjugated to MNPR-101; |
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support intellectual property initiatives for our radiopharmaceutical programs; |
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seek regulatory approvals for any of our current and future drug product candidates that successfully complete registration clinical trials; |
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establish or purchase the services of a sales, marketing and distribution infrastructure to commercialize any products for which we obtain marketing approval; |
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develop, or contract for, manufacturing/quality capabilities in order to establish a reliable, high quality supply chain sufficient to support our clinical and specialized radiopharmaceutical requirements and to provide sufficient capacity to launch and supply the market for any product for which we obtain marketing approval; and |
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add or contract for required operational, financial, human resources and management information systems and capabilities and other specialized expert personnel to support our drug product candidate development and planned commercialization efforts. |
We anticipate that the funds available as of April 30, 2024 will fund our obligations at least through June 30, 2025. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could use our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development and commercialization of our drug product candidates, and the extent to which we enter into collaborations with third parties to participate in the development and commercialization of our drug product candidates, we are unable to accurately estimate with high reliability the amounts and timing required for increased capital outlays and operating expenditures associated with our current and anticipated drug product candidate development programs.
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:
| ● | the clinical development progress of MNPR-101-Zr in imaging cancer; | |
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the progress of preclinical and potential clinical development of MNPR-101-RIT, a therapeutic radioisotope conjugated to MNPR-101; |
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the progress of preclinical activities towards identifying novel targets and candidates to complement our radiopharmaceutical programs; |
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the number and characteristics of other drug product candidates that we may license, acquire, invent or otherwise pursue; |
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the scope, progress, timing, cost and results of research, preclinical development and clinical trials and regulatory requirements for future drug product candidates; |
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the costs associated with establishing or contracting for manufacturing/quality requirements and establishing or contracting for sales, marketing and distribution capabilities; |
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our ability and related costs to maintain, expand and defend the scope of our intellectual property portfolio, including the amount and timing of any payments we may be required to make in connection with the licensing, filing, defense and enforcement of any patents or other intellectual property rights; |
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our need and ability to hire or contract for additional management, administrative, scientific, medical, sales and marketing, and manufacturing/quality and other specialized personnel or external expertise; |
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the effect and timing of entry of competing products or new therapies that may limit market penetration or prevent the introduction of our drug product candidates or reduce the commercial potential of our product portfolio; |
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our need to implement additional required internal management, operational, record keeping, and other systems and infrastructure; and |
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the economic and other terms, timing and success of our existing collaboration and licensing arrangements and any collaboration, licensing or other arrangements into which we may enter into in the future, including the timing of receipt of or payment to or from others of any license, milestone or royalty payments under these arrangements. |
We have initiated a Phase 1 imaging and dosimetry clinical trial in Australia for our novel radiopharmaceutical imaging agent MNPR-101-Zr (MNPR-101 conjugated to zirconium-89). This trial is now active and recruiting patients with advanced cancers. We intend to continue evaluating drug product candidates for the purpose of growing our pipeline. Identifying and securing high-quality compounds usually takes time and related expenses. Our spending could be significantly accelerated in the future if additional drug product candidates are acquired and enter clinical development. In this event, we may be required to expand our management team, and pay higher contract manufacturing costs, contract research organization fees, other clinical development costs and insurance costs that are not currently projected. Beyond our need to raise additional funding within the next 12 months, substantial additional long-term funding is needed to further develop our radiopharmaceutical programs.
Until we can generate a sufficient amount of product revenue to finance our cash requirements, we expect to finance our future cash needs primarily through a combination of equity offerings, including the usage of our Capital on DemandTM Sales Agreement with JonesTrading, debt financings, strategic collaborations and grant funding. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of our current stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect our current stockholders’ rights. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we raise additional funds through marketing and distribution arrangements or other collaborations, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements with other parties, we likely will have to share or relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or drug product candidates or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us, which will reduce our future returns and affect our future operating flexibility. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our pipeline product development or commercialization efforts or grant rights to others to develop and market drug product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.
The termination of our Validive clinical trial due to the no-go decision at the end of March 2023 resulted in a decrease in our stock price. The closing bid price of our stock fell below $1.00 for more than 30 consecutive trading days, and on August 28, 2023, we received a notice from Nasdaq stating that we are out of compliance with Nasdaq listing standards giving us 180 days to regain compliance. On February 27, 2024, we were granted a second 180-day period to regain compliance; there can be no assurance that we will regain compliance within Nasdaq’s extended time limits and requirements. If we do not regain compliance, we would face delisting and it may have serious adverse consequences on our ability to raise funds, which may cause us to delay, restructure or otherwise reconsider our operations. If it is necessary to effect a reverse stock split to attempt to cure the bid price deficiency, the impacts on our stock price are uncertain and could be adverse.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
License, Development and Collaboration Agreements
XOMA Ltd.
Pursuant to a non-exclusive license agreement with XOMA Ltd. for the humanization technology used in the development of MNPR-101, we are obligated to pay XOMA Ltd. clinical, regulatory and sales milestones which could reach up to $14.925 million if we achieve all milestones for MNPR-101. The agreement does not require the payment of sales royalties. There can be no assurance that we will achieve any milestones. As of April 30, 2024, we had not reached any milestones and had not been required to pay XOMA Ltd. any funds under this license agreement. The first milestone payment is payable upon first dosing of a human patient in a Phase 2 clinical trial.
Service Providers
In the normal course of business, we contract with service providers to assist in the performance of R&D, including drug product manufacturing, process development, clinical and preclinical development, and G&A including financial strategy, audit, tax and legal support. We can elect to discontinue the work under these agreements at any time. We could also enter into collaborative research and development, contract research, manufacturing and supplier agreements in the future, which may require upfront payments and/or long-term commitments of cash.
Office Lease
We are currently leasing on a month-to-month basis office space for our executive headquarters at 1000 Skokie Blvd., in the Village of Wilmette, Illinois for $4,238 per month.
Legal Contingencies
We are currently not, and to date have never been, a party to any adverse material legal proceedings.
Indemnification
In the normal course of business, we enter into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide for general indemnification. Our exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves claims that may be made against us in the future, but that have not yet been made. To date, we have not paid any claims or been required to defend any action related to our indemnification obligations. However, we may record charges in the future as a result of these indemnification obligations.
In accordance with our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, Amended and Restated Bylaws and the indemnification agreements entered into with each officer and non-employee director, we have indemnification obligations to our officers and non-employee directors for certain events or occurrences, subject to certain limits, while they are serving at our request in such capacity. There have been no claims to date.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have provided certifications filed as Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2, respectively, and Exhibit 32.1. Such certifications should be read in conjunction with the information contained in this Item 4 for a more complete understanding of the matters covered by those certifications.
(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2024, pursuant to Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as of such date, were effective.
(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have concluded that the condensed consolidated financial statements and other financial information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly present in all material respects our financial condition, results of operations and comprehensive loss and cash flows as of, and for, the periods presented.
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2024, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Other than the additional risk factors below, there have been no material changes in information regarding our risk factors as described in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on March 28, 2024.
Our strategic focus on our radiopharmaceutical program could subject to us to concentrated risks.
As a result of our strategic decision to focus our efforts on our radiopharmaceutical program, a relatively novel approach to cancer imaging and treatment, and wind-down our camsirubicin and MNPR-202 programs, we face concentrated risks. Although the nature of the risks associated with our radiopharmaceutical program as described in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K have not materially changed, because we will not have the benefit of diversified programs going forward, the impacts from those risks should they be realized, or from perceptions of those risks in the market, could be more acute. In addition, our decision to wind-down our camsirubicin and MNPR-202 programs could adversely impact our stock price. Following our decision to wind-down our Validive program in 2023, our stock price suffered significant declines. We cannot predict what impact our decision to focus on our radiopharmaceutical program and wind-down our other programs will have on our stock price or financing prospects.
During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5- 1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5- 1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
The following exhibits are filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
| Exhibit |
Document |
Incorporated by Reference From: |
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| 31.1 |
Certification of Chandler D. Robinson, Chief Executive Officer |
Filed herewith |
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| 31.2 |
Filed herewith |
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| 32.1 |
Filed herewith |
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| 101.INS |
Inline XBRL Instance Document |
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| 101.SCH |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema |
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| 101.CAL |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase |
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| 101.DEF |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase |
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| 101.LAB |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase |
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| 101.PRE |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase |
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| 104 |
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC. |
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| Dated: May 9, 2024 |
By: |
/s/ Chandler D. Robinson |
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| Name: |
Chandler D. Robinson |
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| Title: |
Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) |
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| MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC. |
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| Dated: May 9, 2024 |
By: |
/s/ Kim R. Tsuchimoto |
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| Name: |
Kim R. Tsuchimoto |
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| Title: |
Chief Financial Officer and Director (Principal Financial Officer) |
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